![]() These designs became the standard for what came to be known as okir. It influenced other Maranao artforms greatly due to its association with rank and prestige, becoming used in textiles, musical instruments, betel quid containers, sculptures, weaponry, silver inlays, and so on. ![]() As such, they increasingly became more and more elaborate, developing the flowing characteristics that it possesses today. Unlike the decorative carving traditions of the Sama, the panolong of the torogan became a symbol of power and status. Okir were also featured in the central housebeam, the tinai a walai ("intestine of the house"), which had ritual significance. ![]() These were meant to drive away evil spirits. These protrude in the front of the house and styled with elaborate okir designs, usually that of a naga (a sea serpent or dragon). The most prominent parts of the torogan are the panolong, the carved floor beams modeled after awang boat prows. The rectilinear designs of the Sama were adopted and refined by the Maranao to decorate the torogan houses of the ruling dato class. Detail of okil carvings on a Sama-Bajau vinta
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